ܬܪܥܝܬܐ ܕܓܠܘܒܠܝܣܛ̈ܐ ܠܡܫܠܛܢܘܬܐ ܥܠ ܥܠܡܐ
The Most Reverend*Garland F. Byers, Jr., J.D., D.D.‡
ܐܦܝܣܩܘܦܐ ܠܥܡ̈ܡܐ ܒܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܫܠܝܚܝܐ
ܐܦܢ ܐܝܬ ܒܢ̈ܝܢܫܐ ܐܘ ܟܢ̈ܫܐ ܕܒܢ̈ܝܢܫܐ ܕܡܗܝܡܢܝܢ ܕܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܚܕ ܕܟܠܗ ܥܠܡܐ ܢܫܡܫ ܛܒ ܠܒܢܝ̈ ܐܢܫܐ ܒܨܒܘܬܐ ܥܠܡܝܬܐ, ܘܠܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ ܪܘܚܢܝܬܐ ܥܠ ܩܕܝܫܘܬܗ ܐܘ ܠܐ ܩܕܝܫܘܬܗ ܕܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܚܕ ܕܟܠܗ ܥܠܡܐ ܐܝܟ ܗܢܐ, ܡܗܝܡܢ ܐܦܝܣܩܘܦܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܟܢ̈ܫܐ ܓܠܘܒܠܝܣܛ̈ܐ ܕܒܝܕܥܬܐ ܒܥܝܢ ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܚܕ ܕܟܠܗ ܥܠܡܐ, ܕܢܥܠܘܢ ܠܙܒ̈ܢܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܝܐ ܘܠܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ ܕܓܠܐ.1 ܡܗܝܡܢ ܐܦܝܣܩܘܦܐ ܕܗܠܝܢ ܟܢ̈ܫܐ ܓܠܘܒܠܝܣܛ̈ܐ, ܕܡܢ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܡܬܬܩܢܝܢ ܕܠܐ ܡܫܟܚ ܐܢܫ ܕܢܩܪܝܘܗܝ ܐܠܐ ܐܢ ܪ̈ܫܐ ܣܛܢ̈ܝܐ, ܒܛܘܫܝܐ ܡܬܟܢܫܝܢ, ܠܐ ܫܒܩܝܢ ܠܢܘܟܪ̈ܝܐ ܕܢܚܙܘܢ ܡܐ ܕܥܒܕܝܢ, ܠܐ ܢܛܪܝܢ ܟܬ̈ܒܐ ܐܘ ܥܘܗ̈ܕܢܐ ܕܡܐ ܕܥܒܕܝܢ ܐܘ ܕܡܐ ܕܡܡܠܠܝܢ, ܘܪܕܦܝܢ ܒܬܪ ܬܪܥܝܬܐ ܕܒܕܝܢܗ ܕܐܦܝܣܩܘܦܐ ܫܘܝܐ ܓܡܝܪܐܝܬ ܠܢܒܝܘܬܐ ܕܟܬܒܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ.2 ܐܦܢ ܣܓܝ ܐܬܡܠܠ ܥܠ ܗܠܝܢ ܟܢ̈ܫܐ ܒܡܟܪܙܢܘܬܐ ܥܠܡܝܬܐ, ܘܐܦ ܒܓܘ ܟܢ̈ܫܐ ܐܘܢܓܠܝ̈ܐ ܡܫܝܚ̈ܝܐ ܐܝܬ ܕܒܐܬܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܡܚܝ̈ܕܬܐ, ܠܐ ܡܬܚܫܒ ܕܡܕܡ ܥܕܬܐ ܐܘ ܐܦܝܣܩܘܦܐ ܫܠܝܚܝܐ ܡܠܠ ܥܠ ܗܠܝܢ ܨ̈ܒܘܬܐ, ܥܠ ܗܠܝܢ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܘܥܠ ܗܠܝܢ ܬܪ̈ܥܝܬܐ, ܒܡܠܬܐ ܕܡܬܐܡܪܐ ܒܦܪܨܘܦܗ̇ ܕܥܕܬܐ.3 ܗܠܝܢ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܘܟܢ̈ܫܐ ܒܥܝܢ ܛܟܣܐ ܚܕ ܕܟܠܗ ܥܠܡܐ, ܕܐܬܡܠܠ ܥܠܘܗܝ ܘܒܥܝܕܐ ܡܬܩܪܐ «ܛܟܣܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܕܥܠܡܐ».4 ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܡܥܕܪܝܢ ܠܛܟܣܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܕܥܠܡܐ ܒܥܝܢ ܠܡܘܒܕܘ ܡܪܘܬܐ ܕܟܠ ܐܡܐ ܘܠܡܫܥܒܕܘ ܟܠܗܝܢ ܐܡ̈ܘܬܐ ܬܚܝܬ ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܕܟܢܘܫܬܐ ܚܕܐ ܕܟܠܗ ܥܠܡܐ, ܗܝ ܕܐܝܟ ܕܢܒܝܘܬܐ ܡܚܘܝܐ, ܬܫܠܡ ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܠܓܒܪܐ ܚܕ, ܘܗܘ ܓܒܪܐ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܕܓܠܐ ܗܘ.5 ܥܒܕܐ ܗܢܐ ܒܥܐ ܠܡܟܪܙܘ ܕܥܕܬܗ ܕܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܗܝ ܦܓܪܗ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ,6 ܘܕܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܗܘ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܡ̈ܠܟܐ ܘܡܪܐ ܕܡܪ̈ܘܬܐ, ܘܕܗܘ ܡܠܟ.7 ܐܝܟ ܕܐܡܪ ܪܒܢ, ܟܕ ܐܩܝܡ ܠܥܕܬܗ, ܬܪ̈ܥܐ ܕܫܝܘܠ ܠܐ ܢܚܣܢܘܢܗ̇.8
ܡܥܝܪ̈ܢܘܬܐ ܕܒܚܪܬܐ
1ܐ ܝܘܚܢܢ 2:18 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܒܢܝ ܙܒܢܐ ܗܘ ܐܚܪܝܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܡܕܡ ܕܫܡܥܬܘܢ ܕܐܬܐ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܕܓܠܐ ܘܗܫܐ ܗܘܘ ܠܗܘܢ ܣܓܝܐܐ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܕܓܠܐ ܘܡܢ ܗܕܐ ܝܕܥܝܢܢ ܕܙܒܢܐ ܗܘ ܐܚܪܝܐ» ܐ ܝܘܚܢܢ 4:3 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܟܠ ܪܘܚܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܘܕܝܐ ܕܝܫܘܥ ܐܬܐ ܒܒܣܪ ܠܝܬܝܗ ܡܢ ܐܠܗܐ ܐܠܐ ܗܕܐ ܡܢ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܗܝ ܕܓܠܐ ܗܘ ܕܫܡܥܬܘܢ ܕܐܬܐ ܘܗܫܐ ܒܥܠܡܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܡܢ ܟܕܘ» ܒ ܬܣܠܘܢܝܩܝ̈ܐ 2:7–9 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܐܪܙܐ ܓܝܪ ܕܥܘܠܐ ܡܢ ܟܕܘ ܫܪܝ ܠܡܬܚܦܛܘ ܒܠܚܘܕ ܐܢ ܗܘ ܡܐ ܕܗܫܐ ܐܚܝܕ ܢܫܬܩܠ ܡܢ ܡܨܥܬܐ ܘܗܝܕܝܢ ܢܬܓܠܐ ܥܘܠܐ ܗܘ ܕܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܢܣܝܦܝܘܗܝ ܒܪܘܚ ܦܘܡܗ ܘܢܒܛܠܝܘܗܝ ܒܓܠܝܢܐ ܕܡܐܬܝܬܗ ܡܐܬܝܬܗ ܓܝܪ ܕܗܘ ܒܡܥܒܕܢܘܬܐ ܗܝ ܕܣܛܢܐ ܒܟܠ ܚܝܠ ܘܐܬܘܬܐ ܘܬܕܡܪܬܐ ܕܓܠܬܐ…» ܒܪܝܬܐ 11:4–6 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܐܡܪܘ. ܬܘ ܢܒܢܐ ܠܢ ܩܪܝܬܐ. ܘܡܓܕܠܐ ܕܪܫܗ ܒܫܡܝܐ. ܘܢܥܒܕ ܠܢ ܫܡܐ. ܕܠܡܐ ܢܬܒܕܪ ܥܠ ܐ̈ܦܝ ܟܠܗ̇ ܐܪܥܐ. ܘܢܚ̣ܬ ܡܪܝܐ ܠܡܚܙܐ ܩܪܝܬܐ. ܘܡܓܕܠܐ ܕܒ̇ܢܝܢ ܒ̈ܢܝܢܫܐ. ܘܐܡ̣ܪ ܡܪܝܐ. ܗܐ ܥܡܐ ܚܕ ܘܠܫܢܐ ܚܕ ܠܟܠܗܘܢ. ܘܗܟܢܐ ܐܬܚܫܒܘ ܠܡܥܒܕ. ܡܟܝܠ ܠܐ ܢܬܒܨܪ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܟܠܡܕܡ ܕܐܬܚܫܒܘ ܠܡܥܒܕ.» ܓܠܝܢܐ 13:4 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܣܓܕܘ ܠܬܢܝܢܐ ܕܝܗܒ ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܠܚܝܘܬܐ ܘܣܓܕܘ ܠܚܝܘܬܐ ܠܡܐܡܪ ܡܢܘ ܕܕܡܐ ܠܚܝܘܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܘܡܢܘ ܡܫܟܚ ܠܡܩܪܒܘ ܥܡܗ» ܓܠܝܢܐ 13:7–8 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܐܬܝܗܒ ܠܗ ܠܡܥܒܕ ܩܪܒܐ ܥܡ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܘܠܡܙܟܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܘܐܬܝܗܒ ܠܗ ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܥܠ ܟܠܗܝܢ ܫܪܒܬܐ ܘܐܡܘܬܐ ܘܠܫܢܐ ܘܥܡܡܐ ܘܢܣܓܕܘܢ ܠܗ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܥܡܘܪܝܗ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܗܢܘܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܠܐ ܟܬܝܒܝܢ ܒܟܬܒܐ ܕܚܝܐ ܗܘ ܕܐܡܪܐ ܩܛܝܠܐ ܩܕܡ ܬܪܡܝܬܗ ܕܥܠܡܐ» ↩︎
2ܡܙܡܘܪܐ 64:3–7 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܣܬܪܝܢܝ ܡܢ ܥܘܠܗ ܕܒܝܫܐ ܘܡܢ ܗܘܦܟܐ ܕܥܒ̈ܕܝ ܥܘܠܐ ܕܠܛܫܘ ܠܫܢܗܘܢ ܐܝܟ ܣܝܦܐ ܘܡܠܬܗܘܢ ܐܝܟ ܓܐܪܐ ܠܡܫܕܐ ܒܛܘܫܝܐ ܒܬܡܝܡܐ ܡܢ ܫܠܝܐ ܢܫܕܘܢ ܒܗ ܘܠܐ ܢܬܚܙܘܢ ܘܐܥܫܢܘ ܡܠܬܗܘܢ ܒܝܫܬܐ ܘܐܬܚܫܒܘ ܠܡܛܡܪ ܦܚ̈ܐ ܘܐܡܪܘ ܕܡܢܘ ܚܙܐ ܠܢ ܐܬܚܫܒܘ ܥܘ̈ܠܐ ܘܣܦܘ ܠܡܒܨܐ ܥܘܠܐ ܡܢ ܓܘܗ ܕܒܪ ܐܢܫܐ ܘܡܢ ܠܒܗ ܥܡܝܩܐ» ܡܙܡܘܪܐ 83:4–6 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܥܠ ܥܡܟ ܒܚܪܥܘܬܗܘܢ ܚܫܠܘ ܪܐܙܐ ܘܐܬܡܠܟܘ ܥܠ ܩܕܝܫ̈ܝܟ ܘܐܡܪܘ ܬܘ ܢܘܒܕ ܐܢܘܢ ܡܢ ܥܡܐ ܘܠܐ ܢܬܕܟܪ ܬܘܒ ܫܡܗ ܕܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܡܛܠ ܕܐܬܪܥܝܘ ܒܠܒܗܘܢ ܐܟܚܕܐ ܘܥܠܝܟ ܐܩܝܡܘ ܩܝܡܐ…» ܐܫܥܝܐ 29:15 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܝ ܠܕܡܬܥܩܡܝܢ ܡܢ ܡܪܝܐ ܠܡܛܫܝܘ ܬܪܥܝܬܐ ܘܗ̇ܘܝܢ ܒܚܫܘܟܐ ܥ̇ܒ̈ܕܝܗܘܢ ܘܐܡ̇ܪܝܢ ܡܢܘ ܚ̇ܙܐ ܠܢ ܐܘ ܡܢܘ ܝ̇ܕܥ» ܝܘܚܢܢ 3:19–20 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܗܢܘ ܕܝܢ ܕܝܢܐ ܕܢܘܗܪܐ ܐܬܐ ܠܥܠܡܐ ܘܐܚܒܘ ܒܢܝܢܫܐ ܠܚܫܘܟܐ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ ܕܠܢܘܗܪܐ ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܗܘܘ ܓܝܪ ܥܒܕܝܗܘܢ ܒܝܫܐ ܟܠ ܓܝܪ ܕܣܢܝܬܐ ܥܒܕ ܣܢܐ ܠܢܘܗܪܐ ܘܠܐ ܐܬܐ ܠܢܘܗܪܐ ܕܠܐ ܢܬܟܣܣܘܢ ܥܒܕܘܗܝ» ܐܦܣܝ̈ܐ 5:11–12 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܠܐ ܗܘܝܬܘܢ ܡܫܬܘܬܦܝܢ ܠܘܬ ܥܒܕܐ ܕܚܫܘܟܐ ܕܦܐܪܐ ܠܝܬ ܒܗܘܢ ܐܠܐ ܗܘܝܬܘܢ ܡܟܘܢܝܢ ܠܗܘܢ ܡܕܡ ܓܝܪ ܕܒܛܘܫܝܝ ܥܒܕܝܢ ܢܕܝܕ ܗܘ ܐܦ ܠܡܡܠܠܘܬܗ» ܠܘܩܐ 8:17 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܠܝܬ ܓܝܪ ܡܕܡ ܕܟܣܐ ܕܠܐ ܢܬܓܠܐ ܘܠܐ ܕܡܛܫܝ ܕܠܐ ܢܬܝܕܥ ܘܢܐܬܐ ܠܓܠܝܐ»ܛܘܦܣܐ ܕܦܦܐ ܥܠ ܟܢ̈ܫܐ ܟܣ̈ܝܐ«ܐܝܬ ܨ̈ܒܘܬܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܬܐ ܐܝܟ ܐܪ̈ܙܐ, ܕܢܡܘܣܐ ܩܒܝܥܐ ܗܘ ܕܢܬܟܣ̈ܝܢ ܒܚܦܝܛܘܬܐ ܝܬܝܪܬܐ, ܠܐ ܒܠܚܘܕ ܡܢ ܢܘܟܪ̈ܝܐ, ܐܠܐ ܐܦ ܡܢ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܛܒ ܡܢ ܗܕ̈ܡܐ; ܐܝܟ ܬܪ̈ܥܝܬܗܘܢ ܟܣ̈ܝܬܐ ܘܐܚܪ̈ܝܬܐ, ܫܡ̈ܗܐ ܕܡܕܒܪ̈ܢܐ ܪ̈ܫܐ, ܘܟܢ̈ܘܫܝܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܟܣ̈ܝܐ ܘܓܘܝ̈ܐ…» «ܠܡܬܩܪ̈ܒܢܐ ܒܥܝܕܐ ܡܬܦܩܕ ܕܢܫܬܘܕܘܢ, ܐܦ ܒܡܘܡܬܐ ܝܚܝܕܝܬܐ ܕܢܐܡܘܢ, ܕܡܡܬܘܡ, ܠܐܢܫ, ܒܙܒܢ ܡܐ ܐܘ ܒܐܘܪܚܐ ܡܐ, ܠܐ ܢܘܕܥܘܢ ܠܗܕ̈ܡܐ, ܠܐܬ̈ܘܬܐ ܕܡܥܠܢܐ, ܐܘ ܠܨ̈ܒܘܬܐ ܕܡܬܥܩܒ̈ܢ.» «…ܦܪܝܡܣܘܢ̈ܐ, ܐܝܟ ܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܕܡܢ ܩܕܝܡ, ܢܨܝܢ, ܥܕܡܐ ܠܟܡܐ ܕܡܫܟܚ, ܕܢܛܫܘܢ ܢܦܫܗܘܢ, ܘܠܐ ܢܩܒܠܘܢ ܣܗ̈ܕܐ ܐܠܐ ܗܕ̈ܡܐ ܕܝܠܗܘܢ.» (ܡܦܫܩ ܡܢ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ) ܠܐܘܢ 13, Humanum Genus, ܐܓܪܬܐ ܓܘܢܝܬܐ ܥܠ ܦܪܝܡܣܘܢܝܘܬܐ, 20 ܒܢܝܣܢ 1884, ܦܣܘܩܐ 9 (Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana), vatican.va. ↩︎
3ܠܘܩܐ 10:19 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܗܐ ܝܗܒ ܐܢܐ ܠܟܘܢ ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܕܗܘܝܬܘܢ ܕܝܫܝܢ ܚܘܘܬܐ ܘܥܩܪܒܐ ܘܟܠܗ ܚܝܠܗ ܕܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ ܘܡܕܡ ܠܐ ܢܗܪܟܘܢ» ܡܬܝ 16:19 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܠܟ ܐܬܠ ܩܠܝܕܐ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܫܡܝܐ ܘܟܠ ܡܕܡ ܕܬܐܣܘܪ ܒܐܪܥܐ ܢܗܘܐ ܐܣܝܪ ܒܫܡܝܐ ܘܡܕܡ ܕܬܫܪܐ ܒܐܪܥܐ ܢܗܘܐ ܫܪܐ ܒܫܡܝܐ» ܚܙܩܝܐܝܠ 33:6 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܕܘܩܐ ܕܝܢ ܡܐ ܕܚܙܐ ܚܪܒܐ ܕܐܬ̇ܝܐ ܘܠܐ ܩܪܐ ܒܩܪܢܐ ܘܠܥܡܐ ܠܐ ܙܗܪ ܘܐܬܬ ܚܪܒܐ ܘܢܣܒܬ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܢܦܫܐ ܗ̇ܝ ܢܦܫܐ ܒܚ̈ܛܗܝܗ̇ ܐܬܢܣܒܬ ܘܕܡܗ̇ ܡܢ ܐ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ ܕܕܘܩܐ ܐܬܒܥ» ܐܫܥܝܐ 58:1 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܩܪܝ ܒܓܓܪܬܟ ܘܠܐ ܬܚܘܣ ܘܐܪܝܡ ܩܠܟ ܐܝܟ ܫܝܦܘܪܐ ܘܚܘܐ ܠܥܡܝ ܥܘܠܗܘܢ ܘܠܒܝܬ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܚ̈ܛܗܝܗܘܢ» ↩︎
4«ܡܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܙܒ̈ܢܐ ܫܓܝ̈ܫܐ, ܢܝܫܢ ܚܡܝܫܝܐ, ܛܟܣܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܕܥܠܡܐ, ܡܫܟܚ ܕܢܦܘܩ: ܙܒܢܐ ܚܕܬܐ, ܚܐܪܐ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢ ܐܝܡܬܐ ܕܕܚܠܬܐ, ܥܫܝܢܐ ܝܬܝܪ ܒܪܕܘܦܝܐ ܕܟܐܢܘܬܐ, ܘܫܠܝܐ ܝܬܝܪ ܒܒܥܬܐ ܕܫܝܢܐ. ܙܒܢܐ ܕܒܗ ܥܡ̈ܡܐ ܕܥܠܡܐ, ܡܕܢܚܐ ܘܡܥܪܒܐ, ܓܪܒܝܐ ܘܬܝܡܢܐ, ܡܫܟܚܝܢ ܕܢܫܬܟܢܘܢ ܘܢܚܘܢ ܒܫܠܡܐ.» (ܡܦܫܩ ܡܢ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ) ܓܘܪܓ ܗ. ܘ. ܒܘܫ, “Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the Persian Gulf Crisis and the Federal Budget Deficit”, 11 ܒܐܝܠܘܠ 1990, ܡܟܬܒܢܘܬܐ, Miller Center, University of Virginia. (ܡܐܡܪܐ ܗܢܐ ܡܣܗܕ ܥܠ ܦܬܓܡܐ «ܛܟܣܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܕܥܠܡܐ», ܘܠܐ ܥܠ ܗܝܡܢܘܬܗ ܕܗܘ ܕܐܡܪܗ.) ↩︎
5ܦܪܟܣܝܣ 17:26 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܡܢ ܚܕ ܕܡ ܥܒܕ ܥܠܡܐ ܟܠܗ ܕܒܢܝܢܫܐ ܕܢܗܘܘܢ ܥܡܪܝܢ ܥܠ ܐܦܝ ܐܪܥܐ ܟܠܗ ܘܦܪܫ ܙܒܢܐ ܒܦܘܩܕܢܗ ܘܣܡ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܕܥܘܡܪܐ ܕܒܢܝܢܫܐ…» ܬܢܝܢ ܢܡܘܣܐ 32:8 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܕܟܕ ܡܦܠܓ ܡܪܝܡܐ ܥܡ̈ܡܐ. ܘܟܕ ܡܦܪܫ ܒܢ̈ܝܢܫܐ. ܐܩܝܡ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܕܥܡ̈ܡܐ ܠܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܒܢ̈ܝ ܐܝܣܪܝܠ.» ܒܪܝܬܐ 11:8–9 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܒ̇ܕܪ ܐܢܘܢ ܡܪܝܐ ܡܢ ܬܡܢ ܥܠ ܐ̈ܦܝ ܟܠܗ̇ ܐܪܥܐ. ܘܦܫܘ ܡܢ ܕܠܡܒܢܐ ܩܪܝܬܐ. ܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܩ̣ܪܐ ܫܡܗ̇ ܒܒܠ. ܡܛܠ ܕܬܡ̇ܢ ܒܠܒܠ ܡܪܝܐ ܠܫ̈ܢܐ ܕܟܠܗ̇ ܐܪܥܐ. ܘܡܢ ܬܡ̇ܢ ܒ̇ܕܪ ܐܢܘܢ ܡܪܝܐ ܥܠ ܐ̈ܦܝ ܟܠܗ̇ ܐܪܥܐ.» ܓܠܝܢܐ 17:12–13 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܥܣܪ ܩܪܢܢ ܕܚܙܝܬ ܥܣܪܐ ܡܠܟܝܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܠܐ ܥܕܟܝܠ ܢܣܒܘ ܐܠܐ ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܐܝܟ ܡܠܟܐ ܚܕܐ ܫܥܬܐ ܫܩܠܝܢ ܥܡ ܚܝܘܬܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܚܕ ܨܒܝܢܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܘܚܝܠܐ ܘܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܕܝܠܗܘܢ ܠܚܝܘܬܐ ܝܗܒܝܢ» ܓܠܝܢܐ 17:17 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܐܠܗܐ ܓܝܪ ܝܗܒ ܒܠܒܘܬܗܘܢ ܕܢܥܒܕܘܢ ܨܒܝܢܗ ܘܢܥܒܕܘܢ ܨܒܝܢܗܘܢ ܚܕ ܘܢܬܠܘܢ ܡܠܟܘܬܗܘܢ ܠܚܝܘܬܐ ܗܝ ܥܕܡܐ ܕܢܫܬܡܠܝܢ ܡܠܘܗܝ ܕܐܠܗܐ» ܕܢܝܐܝܠ 7:23–25 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܗܟܢܐ ܐܡ̣ܪ ܠܝ ܚܝܘܬܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܬܐ ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܬܐ ܬܗܘܐ ܒܐܪܥܐ ܘܬܬܝܬܪ ܥܠ ܡܠܟ̈ܘܬܐ ܘܬܐܟܘܠ ܐܪܥܐ ܟܘܠܗ̇ ܘܬܕܘܫܝܗ̇ ܘܬܕܩܝܗ̇ ܘܩܪ̈ܢܬܐ ܥܣܪ ܡܢ ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܥܣܪܐ ܡ̈ܠܟ̇ܝܢ ܢܩܘܡܘܢ ܘܐܚܪܢܐ ܢܩܘܡ ܒܬܪܗܘܢ ܘܗܘ ܢܬܝܬܪ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ̈ܝܐ ܘܬܠܬܐ ܡ̇ܠܟ̈ܝܢ ܢܡ̇ܟܟ ܘܡ̈ܠܐ ܥܠ ܡܪܝܡܐ ܢܡܠܠ ܘܥܠ ܩܕܝ̈ܫܐ ܕܡܪܝܡܐ ܢܟܠܐ ܘܢܣ̣ܒܪ ܠܡܚ̇ܠܦܘ ܙܒ̈ܢܐ ܘܢܡܘ̈ܣܐ ܘܢܬܝܗܒܘܢ ܒܐܝܕܗ ܥܕ ܥܕܢ ܥܕ̈ܢܝܢ ܘܦܠܓܘܬ ܥܕܢ» ܒ ܬܣܠܘܢܝܩܝ̈ܐ 2:3–4 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܠܡܐ ܐܢܫ ܢܛܥܝܟܘܢ ܒܚܕ ܡܢ ܐܣܟܡܝܢ ܡܛܠ ܕܐܢ ܠܐ ܬܐܬܐ ܠܘܩܕܡ ܡܪܘܕܘܬܐ ܘܢܬܓܠܐ ܒܪܢܫܐ ܕܚܛܝܬܐ ܒܪܗ ܕܐܒܕܢܐ ܗܘ ܕܠܩܘܒܠܐ ܗܘ ܘܡܫܬܥܠܐ ܥܠ ܟܠ ܡܢ ܕܡܬܩܪܐ ܐܠܗ ܘܕܚܠܐ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܐܦ ܒܗܝܟܠܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܐܝܟ ܐܠܗܐ ܢܬܒ ܘܢܚܘܐ ܥܠ ܢܦܫܗ ܐܝܟ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܗܘ»ܥܕܬܐ ܩܕܡܝܬܐ«…ܗܘ ܕܢܚܛܘܦ ܠܢܦܫܗ ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܪ̈ܗܘܡܝܐ, ܘܢܩܪܐ ܢܦܫܗ ܒܕܓܠܘܬܐ ܡܫܝܚܐ…» (ܡܦܫܩ ܡܢ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ) ܩܘܪܝܠܘܣ ܕܐܘܪܫܠܡ, ܡܐܡܪ̈ܐ ܠܫܡܘܥ̈ܐ 15.11, ܬܘܪܓܡܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ ܕܐܕܘܝܢ ܗܡܠܬܘܢ ܓܝܦܘܪܕ, ܒܓܘ Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, ܣܕܪܐ ܬܢܝܢܐ, ܦܢܩܝܬܐ 7, ܒܛܘܝܒܐ ܕܦܝܠܝܦ ܫܐܦ ܘܗܢܪܝ ܘܐܝܣ (New York: Christian Literature Publishing, 1894). «ܡܫܝܚܐ ܕܓܠܐ ܕܝܢ ܗܢܐ ܕܐܬܐܡܪ ܠܥܠ ܥܬܝܕ ܕܢܐܬܐ ܡܐ ܕܡܫܬܡܠܝܢ ܙܒ̈ܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܪ̈ܗܘܡܝܐ…» (ܡܦܫܩ ܡܢ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ) ܬܡܢ, 15.12. «…ܥܠ ܥܣܪܐ ܡ̈ܠܟܐ ܕܗܝܕܝܢ ܢܩܘܡܘܢ, ܕܒܝܢܬܗܘܢ ܬܬܦܠܓ ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܗܫܐ ܫܠܝܛܐ [ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ]…» (ܡܦܫܩ ܡܢ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ) ܐܝܪܝܢܐܘܣ ܕܠܘܓܕܘܢ, ܠܘܩܒܠ ܗܪ̈ܣܝܣ 5.26.1, ܬܘܪܓܡܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ ܕܐܠܟܣܢܕܪܘܣ ܪܘܒܪܛܣ ܘܘܝܠܝܐܡ ܪܐܡܒܘܛ, ܒܓܘ The Ante-Nicene Fathers, ܒܛܘܝܒܐ ܕܐܠܟܣܢܕܪܘܣ ܪܘܒܪܛܣ ܘܓܝܡܣ ܕܘܢܠܕܣܘܢ, ܦܢܩܝܬܐ 1 (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing, 1885). ↩︎
6ܐ ܩܘܪ̈ܢܬܝܐ 12:27 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܐܢܬܘܢ ܕܝܢ ܦܓܪܗ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ ܘܗܕܡܐ ܒܕܘܟܬܟܘܢ» ܐܦܣܝ̈ܐ 1:22–23 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܫܥܒܕ ܟܠܡܕܡ ܬܚܝܬ ܪܓܠܘܗܝ ܘܠܗ ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܠܥܠ ܡܢ ܟܠ ܝܗܒܗ ܪܫܐ ܠܥܕܬܐ ܕܐܝܬܝܗ ܓܘܫܡܗ ܘܫܘܡܠܝܐ ܕܗܘ ܕܟܠ ܒܟܠ ܡܫܡܠܐ» ܩܘܠܣܝ̈ܐ 1:24 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܚܕܐ ܐܢܐ ܒܚܫܐ ܕܥܠ ܐܦܝܟܘܢ ܘܡܡܠܐ ܐܢܐ ܚܣܝܪܘܬܐ ܕܐܘܠܨܢܘܗܝ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ ܒܒܣܪܝ ܚܠܦ ܦܓܪܗ ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܥܕܬܐ…» ܩܘܠܣܝ̈ܐ 1:18 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܗܘܝܘ ܪܫܐ ܕܦܓܪܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܪܫܐ ܘܒܘܟܪܐ ܕܡܢ ܒܝܬ ܡܝܬܐ ܕܢܗܘܐ ܩܕܡܝ ܒܟܠ»ܥܕܬܐ ܩܕܡܝܬܐ«ܐܝܟܐ ܕܡܬܚܙܐ ܐܦܝܣܩܘܦܐ, ܬܡܢ ܢܗܘܐ ܐܦ ܟܢܫܐ [ܕܥܡܐ]; ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܐܝܟܐ ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ, ܬܡܢ ܗܝ ܥܕܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝ.» (ܡܦܫܩ ܡܢ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ) ܐܝܓܢܐܛܝܘܣ ܕܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ, ܐܓܪܬܐ ܠܘܬ ܐܙܡܘܪ̈ܢܝܐ, ܩܦܠܐܘܢ 8, ܒܓܘ The Ante-Nicene Fathers, ܒܛܘܝܒܐ ܕܐܠܟܣܢܕܪܘܣ ܪܘܒܪܛܣ ܘܓܝܡܣ ܕܘܢܠܕܣܘܢ, ܦܢܩܝܬܐ 1 (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing, 1885). ↩︎
7ܓܠܝܢܐ 19:16 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܥܠ ܡܐܢܘܗܝ ܥܠ ܥܛܡܬܗ ܫܡܐ ܟܬܝܒܐ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܘܡܪܐ ܕܡܪܘܬܐ» ܓܠܝܢܐ 17:14 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܗܠܝܢ ܥܡ ܐܡܪܐ ܢܩܪܒܘܢ ܘܐܡܪܐ ܢܙܟܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܡܛܠ ܕܡܪܐ ܗܘ ܕܡܪܘܬܐ ܘܡܠܟ ܡܠܟܐ ܘܕܥܡܗ ܩܪܝܐ ܘܓܒܝܐ ܘܡܗܝܡܢܐ» ܐ ܛܝܡܬܐܘܣ 6:15 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܗܘ ܕܥܬܝܕ ܒܙܒܢܗ ܢܚܘܝܘܗܝ ܐܠܗܐ ܡܒܪܟܐ ܘܚܝܠܬܢܐ ܒܠܚܘܕܘܗܝ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܘܡܪܐ ܕܡܪܘܬܐ…» ܓܠܝܢܐ 11:15 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܡܠܐܟܐ ܕܫܒܥܐ ܙܥܩ ܘܗܘܘ ܩܠܐ ܪܘܪܒܐ ܒܫܡܝܐ ܕܐܡܪܝܢ ܗܘܬ ܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܕܥܠܡܐ ܕܐܠܗܢ ܘܕܡܫܝܚܗ ܘܐܡܠܟ ܠܥܠܡ ܥܠܡܝܢ» ܡܙܡܘܪܐ 2:6 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܐܢܐ ܐܩܝܡܬ ܡܠܟܝ ܥܠ ܨܗܝܘܢ ܛܘܪܐ ܕܩܘܕܫܝ» ↩︎
8ܡܬܝ 16:18 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «…ܕܐܢܬ ܗܘ ܟܐܦܐ ܘܥܠ ܗܕܐ ܟܐܦܐ ܐܒܢܝܗ ܠܥܕܬܝ ܘܬܪܥܐ ܕܫܝܘܠ ܠܐ ܢܚܣܢܘܢܗ» ܕܢܝܐܝܠ 2:44 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܒܝ̈ܘܡܬܗܘܢ ܕܡ̈ܠܟܐ ܗ̇ܢܘܢ ܢܩܝܡ ܐܠܗ ܫܡܝܐ ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܠܥܠܡܝܢ ܠܐ ܬܬܚܒܠ ܘܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܠܥܡܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܠܐ ܬܫܒܘܩ ܐܠܐ ܬܕܩܩ ܘܬܣܝܦ ܟܠܗܝܢ ܡ̈ܠܟܘܬܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܘܗܝ ܬܩܘܡ ܠܥܠܡܝܢ» ܕܢܝܐܝܠ 7:27 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܘܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܘܪܒܘܬܐ ܘܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܬܚܝܬ ܫܡܝܐ ܐܬܝܗܒܬ ܠܥܡܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܕܡܪܝܡܐ ܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܡܠܟܘܬ ܥܠܡ ܘܟܠ ܫܘ̈ܠܛܢܝܢ ܠܗ ܢܦܠܚܘܢ ܘܢܫܬܡܥܘܢ» ܠܘܩܐ 1:33 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܘܢܡܠܟ ܥܠ ܒܝܬܗ ܕܝܥܩܘܒ ܠܥܠܡ ܘܠܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܣܘܦ ܠܐ ܢܗܘܐ» ܥܒܪ̈ܝܐ 12:28 (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) «ܡܛܠ ܗܟܝܠ ܕܩܒܠܢ ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܬܙܝܥܐ ܢܐܚܘܕ ܛܝܒܘܬܐ ܕܒܗ ܢܫܡܫ ܘܢܫܦܪ ܠܐܠܗܐ ܒܬܚܡܨܬܐ ܘܒܕܚܠܬܐ…»ܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ ܕܣܘܢ̈ܗܕܘܣ«ܘܬܘܒ ܐܬܐ ܒܫܘܒܚܐ ܠܡܕܢ ܚ̈ܝܐ ܘܡܝ̈ܬܐ. ܗܘ ܕܠܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܫܘܠܡܐ ܠܝܬ.» (ܡܦܫܩ ܡܢ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ) ܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ ܕ150 ܐܒܗ̈ܐ (ܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ ܕܢܝܩܝܐ ܘܕܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܦܘܠܝܣ), ܣܘܢܗܕܘܣ ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ܕܩܘܣܛܢܛܝܢܘܦܘܠܝܣ (381), ܬܘܪܓܡܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ ܕܗܢܪܝ ܪ. ܦܝܪܣܝܒܠ, ܒܓܘ Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, ܣܕܪܐ ܬܢܝܢܐ, ܦܢܩܝܬܐ 14, ܒܛܘܝܒܐ ܕܦܝܠܝܦ ܫܐܦ ܘܗܢܪܝ ܘܐܝܣ (New York: Christian Literature Publishing, 1900). ↩︎
Syriac Scripture quotations. Old Testament: the Peshitta, electronic text prepared at the ETCBC (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) by Constantijn Sikkel, Geert Jan Veldman and Willem van Peursen; cited as Willem Th. van Peursen, Geert Jan Veldman, Constantijn Sikkel, Hannes Vlaardingerbroek and Dirk Roorda, ETCBC/peshitta (Version 0.3), Zenodo, 2018, doi:10.5281/zenodo.1464757; licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0). New Testament: the SEDRA database of George A. Kiraz and James W. Bennett (version 3.0, 1996), as published in ETCBC/syrnt, copyright © 2019 Dirk Roorda, under the MIT License. Excerpts are quoted; ellipses mark omissions. No commercial use is made of this text.